Stained Glass First Aid

Owners of older homes appreciate the beauty ofdepth. A panel that is 1" or less out of line and does
stained glass. In some cases, the stained glassnot rattle should be professionally examined, but may
windows may have been the emotional "reason" thatnot need to be repaired. Panels more than 1½"
prompted you to buy your house. But as with soout of true need to be removed from the window
many other aspects of old house ownership, stainedand professionally flattened and releaded.
glass needs maintenance and care. Below are someCheck the glass. Because of the difficulty in matching
suggestions on how to care for your windows -- andsome old glass, it is preferable to repair cracked glass
how to recognize when to call in an expert.rather than replace it. And not every crack needs to
A stained glass panel is constructed of 1) individuallybe repaired. If the crack is small and in no danger of
cut pieces of clear or colored glass, or bevels; 2) heldfalling out, leave it alone. If glass is missing or badly
together by a matrix of lead came or copper foil.cracked, call a professional. If repairs are minimal and
Lead came dates to mediaeval times and is thethe panel is large, an on-site repair may be possible.
traditional method of assembling leaded glass panels.If you have to transport the glass to a professional
Zinc came is associated with the prairie designs ofrestorer, start by securing loose cames and glass
Frank Lloyd Wright and his contemporaries. Copperpanes with painter's tape. (Do not use duct tape!)
foiling is the method introduced by Louis ComfortRemove the sash with panel still attached. For added
Tiffany, and is the preferred method for constructingsecurity, lay the panel on a larger sheet of plywood
intricately designed art glass panels and lampshades.and tape it down. Smaller panels can be wrapped and
An additional step in the construction of leaded glasslaid flat in a wooden box.
panels is the application of cement to fill the spaceClean a sound leaded or copper foiled glass panel with
between the glass and the inside surface of the leada soft rag and a neutral pH soap. Wring the rag out
or zinc came. Cement is applied to the front and backwell. Avoid abrasive products which can scratch the
of the panel to weatherproof and add strength toglass or metal. Do not use spray products or those
the panel. Large panels also should be braced withcontaining ammonia. The liquid can get under the foil
saddle bars or reinforcement bars.or lead came and the ammonia can react with the
Inspect your windows for age and buckling. Tolead or cement. Windows in bathroom or kitchen
assess the condition of the lead or zinc cames, looksettings can be cleaned with a dampened #0000
for telltale signs of metal fatigue and corrosion. Oldsteel wool pad to remove soap residue, grease, and
lead is still functional if the exposed face of the metalmildew. Polish with a paste product such as Glass
(the flanges) can be lifted and flattened withoutWax or a stained glass polish available at any stained
cracking. Lead covered in a fine white powder hasglass supply retailer. Use a soft rag to apply the
oxidized and has reached the end of its useful life.paste, let dry, and buff. CAUTION: This process may
Zinc covered with small white spots is worn out, too.release lead dust into the work area. Clean any
Examine the metal for hairline cracks near the joints,surfaces surrounding the panel (sashes, sill, and floor)
particularly around the border of the panel. Thesewith soap and water to contain any lead residue. And
indicate metal fatigue.wear a dust mask.
Large or especially elaborate glass panels are oftenProtective glazing, while not necessary, can provide
reinforced with steel or brass bars. These saddleprotection to your stained glass panel from vandalism
bars, about 1/8" thick by ¼" wide, are attachedor a wayward baseball. To maintain aesthetics, the
to the cames and notched into the sash to stiffenstorm window sash should be of similar material to
the window and help support the panel's weight.the original sash. Depending on local building codes,
Some reinforcement bars are soldered to the cames,the glazing can be double strength glass or
while others are fastened with twisted copper wires.Plexiglas(R). Note that plastic glazing will yellow and
If the bars have separated from the came, theyscratch over time. Lexan(R), which will not yellow, is
should be reattached using the original method. Barsnonetheless very easily scratched. Tempered double
that have split the came will require releading by astrength glass is expensive, but offers the best
professional restorer.protection.
If the panel has developed a bulge, measure its